Accounting and Finance Questions

There are broadly  2 Type of accounts

1. Personnel Accounts

2. Impersonnel Accounts.

Personnel Accounts is an account maintained to record transactions with persons. Based on the classification of the persons personnel account can be of

1. Natural Personnel Account (Mr. Ram, Mr. Robert, Mr.Rahim)

2. Artificial Person (all entities like companies, banks, municipal corporations, all statutory or non statutory bodies)

3. Representative Person: Representing group transactions for group of persons like Salary Payable Account. Taxes payable account.

Where as Impersonnel Account shall be of Two types.

A. Real Account      B.Nominal Account.

Real Accounts are accounts to record transactions relating to Assets. Like Cash, Plant & Machinery etc., These type of accounts are permanent accounts.

Nominal Accounts are the accounts used to record the transactions relating to Income and Expenses. Like Salary, Power, Sales etc., At the end of the year all the nominal accounts are closed by transferring to Profit and loss account or Income and Expenditure account. The net differnce shall be carried forwarded to Balance Sheet.

When an invoice is generated and sent to the client/customer, the JE to be passed is debit customer account and credit revenue/accounts receivable account. When payment is received from customer, then debit bank account and credit the customer account concerned

If an outstanding check of the previous month clears the bank (is paid by the bank) in the current month, you simply remove that check from the list of outstanding checks.

If an outstanding check of the previous month does not clear the bank in the current month, the check will remain on the list of outstanding checks until the month that it does clear the bank.

In the bank reconciliation process, the total amount of the outstanding checks is deducted from the balance appearing on the bank statement.

CRR or Cash Reverse Ratio is the amount of money that a commercial bank has to keep with the Reserve Bank of India. If the bank increase CRR then the amount with RBI comes down and vice-versa.